Historically, the people at highest risk include family members and hospital staff who care for patients infected with marburg virus and have not used proper barrier nursing techniques. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted. Dec 01, 2014 it is unknown how marburg virus first transmits from its animal host to humans. Exposure to blood, secretions, or organs of infected people is marburgs means of transmission between humans.
If you travel to an area where a particular hemorrhagic fever is common, you may become infected. Scientists dont know for sure how bats transmit the rna filovirus a filamentlike virus that encodes its genetics using rna, but they suspect it happens in batinfested mines and caves, where humans come in contact with bat feces or small droplets of bat. The marburg virus, together with the four known ebola viruses, makes up the virus family known as filoviruses. Once an individual is infected with the virus, marburg can spread through human tohuman transmission via direct contact through broken skin or mucous. The responsible pathogen, marburg virus, is a member of the filoviridae family along with the ebola virus 1. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread by mosquito or tick bites. Hfs include the ebola and marburg viruses, yellow fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever. Primary targets cells for marburg virus infection are macrophages and dendritic cells. It is unknown how marburg virus first transmits from its animal host to humans. Marburg hf outbreak distribution map marburg hemorrhagic. In dendritic cells, infection leads to paralysis of.
There is no specific treatment for marburg hemorrhagic fever. Definition of marburg hemorrhagic fever in the medical dictionary by the free dictionary. Transmission marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. Tweet this week we are going to cover the second of the two filoviruses included in our extended series on the viral hemorrhagic fevers. Marburg hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology in the news. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. One that got away sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events. Three days after a fatal case of marburg hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in uganda, 99 people have been quarantined in four different locations across the east african country, as field. The route of transmission varies by specific virus.
Bunyaviruses include rift valley fever rvf virus, crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever cchf virus, and hantavirus. Many marburg cases in humans happen as a result of humantohuman contact. Dec 15, 2016 marburg virus marv, a close relative of ebola virus, is the causative agent of a severe human disease known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. The causal agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever is a virus of the filoviridae family, which also includes the ebola virus. Click the link for more information hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever, any of a group of viral diseases. Marburg hemorrhagic fever definition of marburg hemorrhagic. Mar 07, 2018 marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg virus is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which impacts both humans and nonhuman primates. A few varieties can be inhaled from infected rat feces or urine. Marburg haemorrhagic fever fact sheet 31 march 2005. Following an incubation period of five to 10 days, the infected person will experience a sudden attack of fever, chills headache and muscle pain, followed roughly five days later by a maculopapular rash a rash with raised, spotted lesions, most noticeable on the torso. Marburg hemorrhagic fever medical definition merriam. Get the facts on the history, symptoms, and treatment of marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever. Humantohuman transmission occurs through direct contact with blood or bodily.
It may lead into the development of marburg virus disease when it affects the nonhuman primates and humans. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf. Marburg is in the same virus family as ebola viruses. Marburg virus marv, a close relative of ebola virus, is the causative agent of a severe human disease known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf. The viruses are commonly found in rats, mice, and other field rodents. All types of vhf are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can.
Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases ncezid, division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology dhcpp, viral special pathogens branch vspb. They are hemorrhagic fever pathogens, meaning the infection may lead to shock, bleeding and multiorgan failure. Ebola and marburg haemorrhagic fever sciencedirect. Viral hemorrhagic fevers symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Hemorrhagic complications are multifactorial and are related to hepatic damage, consumptive coagulopathy, and primary marrow injury to megakaryocytes. The world health organization who rates it as a risk.
Risk calculators and risk factors for marburg hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology. When a person or a nonhuman primate is infected by the virus, they should be treated in biosafety level 4equivalent containment. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Feb 03, 2020 hemorrhagic fevers hfs are illnesses that are caused by several groups of viruses. Particular occupations, such as veterinarians and laboratory or quarantine. The clinical presentation typically consists of a progressive disease with fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, multiorgan failure, shock, and other serious complications. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. Marburg hemorrhagic fever the forgotten cousin strikes. Imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fevercolorado, 2008. Marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is rare yet among the most severe diseases affecting humans, with case fatality ratio even higher than 80%. Blogs on marburg hemorrhagic fever pathophysiology. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. People who have close contact with african fruit bats, humans patients, or nonhuman primates infected with marburg virus are at risk. Jan 30, 2009 cdc blogs public health matters blog imported marburg hemorrhagic fever.
Marburg virus disease, also known as marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a high mortality rate. Marburg virus is related to the ebola virus in that both viruses belong to the filovirus family. More than 30 years after the discovery of marburg virus as the causative agent of an outbreak of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in germany and the former yugoslavia in 1967, the longforgotten path. Marburg and ebola are the only members of the filovirus family. Marburg virus is one of two viruses of the filovirus family which, along with ebola virus, can cause a severe and fatal haemorrhagic fever vhf. The first documented outbreak of this disease was in 1967 in germany and yugoslavia which is currently known as serbia 2. Rousettus aegyptiacus, fruit bats of the pteropodidae family, are considered to be natural hosts of marburg virus.
Check facts about marburg virus if you want to be informed with hemorrhagic fever virus. The flaviviruses include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, kyasanur forest disease virus, and alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus also see the dengue and yellow fever sections in this chapter. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. Marburg virus transmission can occur through mucosal surfaces and breaks or abrasions of. Similar to ebola virus, marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare but dangerous type of hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory. Marburg virus is a member of the family of filoviruses. After the initial transmission, the viruses can spread from person to person through contact with body fluids or contaminated needles.
Examples of viral haemorrhagic fevers vhfs include lassa fever, crimeancongo haemorrhagic fever, marburg and ebola virus diseases. Zaire province has reported its first 6 cases, bringing the number of affected provinces to seven, all concentrated in the northwestern part of. Mar 29, 2019 how to recognize marburg hemorrhagic fever symptoms. Cdc viral hemorrhagic fevers emergency preparedness. By who, rxpg as of 7 april, 205 cases of marburg haemorrhagic fever have been reported in angola. Marburg virus disease mvd, formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. Nihsupported experimental marburg vaccine prevents. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a septic shocklike syndrome. A hamster model for marburg virus infection accurately. After this initial crossover of virus from host animal to humans, transmission occurs through personto. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Marburg hemorrhagic fever the forgotten cousin strikes nejm.
No licensed vaccine or therapeutic exists to treat mhf, and marv is therefore classified as a tier 1 select agent and a category a bioterrorism agent. Ebola virus and marburg virus disease reference guide. More than 30 years after the discovery of marburg virus as the causative agent of an. It is caused by the so called marburg virus marburg is the city where it was first recognized. Marburg haemorrhagic fever synonyms, marburg haemorrhagic fever pronunciation, marburg haemorrhagic fever translation, english dictionary definition of marburg haemorrhagic fever. Secondary transmission appears to be less common with marburg virus than with ebola virus, the other known filovirus. Unlike its close cousin ebola, we know the reservoir host for marburg hemorrhagic fever. For the marburg virus to infect the hosts cell an essential element is needed.
Oct 07, 2014 three days after a fatal case of marburg hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in uganda, 99 people have been quarantined in four different locations across the east african country, as field. Ebola and marburg viruses cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever disease mainly in subsaharan africa. How to recognize marburg hemorrhagic fever symptoms. Outbreaks marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg virus is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which impacts both humans and nonhuman primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led. These viruses cause a rare type of serious illness known as hemorrhagic bleeding fever.
Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. Triggered by a genetically special zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the development of this virus family. The infection is caused by the marburg virus marv, an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative. Viral hemorrhagic fevers chapter 4 2020 yellow book.
Vhfs may be caused by five distinct families of rna viruses. Aerosol transmission of some viral hemorrhagic fever infections is reported among nonhuman primates and likely is a mode of transmission in patients with severe infection. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, caused by marburg virus, is a severe viral. Marburg haemorrhagic fever is a severe and highly fatal disease caused by a virus from the same family as the one that causes ebola haemorrhagic fever. Treatment marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. There have been past outbreaks of this illness as well as isolated cases that have resulted in high mortality. Oct 11, 2012 by who, rxpg as of 7 april, 205 cases of marburg haemorrhagic fever have been reported in angola. Avoid contact with a marburg victim, dead or alive. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Marburg hemorrhagic fever can occur in both humans and other primates. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. If you are caring for a marburg victim, dont come into direct contact with their blood or other secretions. Who fact sheet on marburg haemorrhagic fever provides information on transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and who.
Schmitzrapid detection and quantification of rna of ebola and marburg viruses, lassa virus, crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever virus, rift valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by realtime reverse transcriptionpcr. Marburg virus marv forms its own genus within the family filoviridae and, at present, only a single species lake victoria marburgvirus. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Directions to hospitals treating marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, in both humans and nonhuman primates. According to the world health organization, marburg hemorrhagic fever has a fatality rate of up to 80 percent, while ebola fever has a fatality rate of up to 90 percent. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet last updated may 5, 2010 what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. Supportive hospital therapy should be utilized, which includes balancing the patients fluids and electrolytes, maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure, replacing lost blood and clotting factors, and treatment for any complicating infections. Mar 18, 2020 epidemiology of marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks.
Marburg virus disease is characterized by a hemorrhagic fever. The viral structure is typical of filoviruses, with long threadlike particles which have a consistent diameter but vary greatly in length from an average of 800. Spread through bodily fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from marburg. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, the. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever, which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. In western countries, marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is an imported disease with a low risk of occurrence, but it has a high profile in the public mind because it can be transmitted from person to person, the course is fatal in up to 80% of cases, and the reservoir is uncertain 2,3. Marburg virus marvspecific test results for an imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, by serum sampletestedcolorado, 20082009 serum sample tested test performed 11408 archived 7152008 232009 day 10 11408 day day day 10 193 396 antimarv igm elisa dagger negative negative negative negative antimarv igg. Marburg and ebola viruses are the two members of the filoviridae family. Jun, 2018 the marburg virus, together with the four known ebola viruses, makes up the virus family known as filoviruses. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade. Marburg hemorrhagic fever article about marburg hemorrhagic.
Apr 01, 2020 ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the viruses from infected animals. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever ncbi nih. Others are transmitted by contact with infected blood or semen. Marburg hemorrhagic fever 10 deadly agents the cdc. Though caused by different viruses, the two diseases are clinically similar. Transmission potential and design of adequate control measures. Marburg hemorrhagic fever 10 deadly agents the cdc works. Zaire province has reported its first 6 cases, bringing the number of affected provinces to seven, all concentrated in the northwestern part of the country. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. For marburg and ebola that element is the niemannpick c1 npc1 membrane protein 1. Although outbreaks are sporadic, there is the potential for filoviruses to spread to other. Risk of exposure marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf.
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